What is Philosophy free essay sample

Greco-Roman custom initially originated from Greek and Pagan culture, later picking up impacts from different societies. At the point when the faith in the real presence of Gods and Goddesses kicked the bucket, reasons should have been accommodated human presence, the motivation behind life, and the issues of living in a civilisation. This saw the Greek way of thinking develop and the conventions primary issue was to characterize and depict human life and conditions. The custom later got known as Western convention, as the Greek’s and Roman’s utilized thoughts from different societies and instilled them inside their convention. This despite everything stays a key element of Western custom today. There are barely any enduring unique wellsprings of the convention, protected by Catholic and Orthodox religious communities, in spite of their disparities to Christian lessons. The impacts from Western custom are key highlights in the public arena today. It gave reason and science which can be viewed as the preparations for innovation and science today. â€Å"From the Greco-Roman period came regard for the standard of law, the possibility of characteristic law, and, for its day, lenience of strict convictions. (Pappas, 2005) If anything was so predominant in the public arena today it would be that idea. The capacity to live among others with various convictions yet at the same time all observe similar laws is a need in todays society. The Western custom trained us to address what our identity is and regard independence, an encouraging which lives on right up 'til today. Not at all like Western convention, which hopes to characterize human life and conditions, the Chinese customs primary point is to keep amicability consistently. Confucius was China’s most well known savant. â€Å"The most significant thing to Confucius was Jen, or human benevolence, love of man. Jen is the perfect inclination of warmth, consideration, poise, and regard that ought to create between two individuals. † (Powell, 2000, p. 95) The Chinese custom is one of common sense, in this manner the significance of rationale is vital. Rationale sees that everything is liable to change, and that sentiments and convictions are of their time and spot. Contrasting toward the Western custom, the Chinese took hardly any thoughts from different societies, featuring the craving for China to stay isolated from different social orders. It did in any case, take impact from Buddhism, yet even this was adjusted to suit Chinese culture. The Chinese custom accepts that to stay agreeable is of more significance than finding reality. Devotees of Chinese custom may not see it fit to unburden themselves of their burdens onto others as this isn't amicable. Seemingly the most established enduring custom, Indian convention expects to wipe out despondency and make nirvana, the end of anguish. In contrast to the Western convention, both the Chinese and Indian consolidate theory and religion. Indian custom anyway does so more amicably by joining them both similarly. Along these lines, Indian convention is contrasted with a Banyan tree, with its profound roots and tangled overhang speaking to the entwining of Indian methods of reasoning and religions. Buddhism is started from India. This way of thinking puts stock in karma, that what you are resurrected similar to an impression of your previous existence. From a skeptical perspective, it could be seen that adherents of Buddhism are caring just to ensure their resurrection, and that it's anything but a magnanimous demonstration they are completing, only one which will profit them in their next life. It is significant that every single philosophical enquiry are legitimate so right results are created. There are numerous components that comprise a legitimate philosophical enquiry. It must not be one-sided or favor one side. It must be non-passionate and it must have the option to unite the deductive and inductive strategies for thinking. It is questionable that for the enquiry to be legitimate it would should be demonstrated. This may not be the situation and it could be accepted that it would simply need to not be discredited. For instance, it has not been demonstrated that God at any point existed, anyway it has not been discredited. In this way, the inquiry regarding whether there is or was a God, is a legitimate philosophical enquiry. A substantial philosophical enquiry should just be founded on proof and exclude feeling or conclusion. The last finish of the enquiry should then be deciphered and assessed. No rushed forecasts ought to be made as it ought to be founded just on truth. Descartes gives his procedure while delivering a philosophical enquiry in Discourse on Method. (See informative supplement 1) There are a wide range of parts of theory. Sentimentalism is started from eighteenth century Germany. Sentimental people respond contrarily to what the advanced world does to individuals, for instance the impacts cutting edge innovation have on human connection. Jean-Jacques Rousseau denoted the path for the Romanticism development as he â€Å"believed that civilisation was a defiling effect on individuals, who are intuitively acceptable † (Kindersley, 2011, p. 144) Romantics are especially against the dehumanization of the cutting edge world where innovation replaces individuals. A sentimental may contend that oneself assistance check outs gave all things considered grocery stores negatively affect human collaboration as there is no compelling reason to speak with individuals up close and personal now when shopping. Sentimentalism joins with another part of theory, Environmentalism. This way of thinking is worried about keeping the planet green. Tree huggers, similar to Romantics, are worried about the advancements occurring in the public arena and the impacts they could have on the planet and those inside later on. In complete differentiation to Romanticism and Environmentalism, The Enlightenment is another part of theory. It likewise began in eighteenth century Western Europe yet is firmly aligned with science. It challenges the standard of strict notion and custom and utilizations science to give most, if not all, of the appropriate responses. It agrees with the improvement in people and their environmental factors. Morals is a part of reasoning that moves with the occasions. As society, religion, and legislative issues push ahead, so do the morals inside those foundations. It is entirely conceivable that the moral issues one encountered in their childhood could absolutely contrast from those they involvement with their grown-up life. Morals is an arrangement of qualities where certain things are â€Å"right† and certain things are â€Å"wrong†. Premature birth is a subject that has consistently been encircled by good and moral issues. (See informative supplement 2, BBC, 2013) Until 1967, premature birth was illicit in England. This be that as it may, doesn't mean it didn't occur. In the 1950’s, when fetus removal was as yet illicit, moms conveying undesirable infants would look for non clinical work force to complete premature births. This was featured in an ongoing scene of Call the Midwife, a dramatization arrangement dependent on the individual encounters of an East End birthing specialist in the 1950’s, where a mother had an unlawful premature birth which lead to her contracting septicaemia. (‘Episode 5’, 2013) Times have plainly proceeded onward, and today premature births are undeniably progressively accessible and medicinally sheltered. Be that as it may, that doesn't imply that the moral perspectives on some have changed with the occasions, whether or not the law has changed. It is critical to think about teleological and deontological speculations when managing morals. Teleological scholars accept that it is the final product of an activity that decides if the activity was fortunate or unfortunate. Deontological scholars notwithstanding, accept that each activity in itself is fortunate or unfortunate, paying little heed to the outcomes. (Harrison-Barbet, 2001, p. 186) There are numerous moral issues brought up in the contentions against premature birth, one of the principle being that slaughtering a blameless person isn't right. (BBC, 2013) This is a deontological contention. It is questionable regarding when you consider a baby a person. Is it at the origination stage when it is essentially an assortment of cells, or is it when the heart starts to thump and when the cerebrum begins to work? At around 18-22 weeks a hatchling gains consciousness, the attention to joy, agony and discernment. The way things are, premature births can be completed on females as long as 24 weeks into pregnancy so morally one could contend that bringing out premature births this far through in pregnancy isn't right. (Lacewing, 2010) Arguing from a potential point of view makes further inquiries with regards to whether contraception is as off-base as premature birth. Individuals who restrict premature birth may contend that in spite of the fact that the embryo may begin as only an assortment of cells, it can possibly turn into a person who has the option to life. In this way, in any event, utilizing contraception isn't right as it forestalls the capability of life. Master abortionists anyway may contend that potential implies that something doesn't yet exist so why treat it with indistinguishable moral qualities from something that exists. (Lacewing, 2010) Pro-abortionists would likewise contend that the pregnant female has good and moral rights and these may exceed the foetus’ rights. This could be the situation if the female was a casualty of assault and would endure intellectually and sincerely in the event that they proceeded with the pregnancy, or if the proceeded with pregnancy could have negative impact on the female’s wellbeing. All in all, premature birth faces numerous moral issues from both ace and contradicting perspectives. It is a subject that can't be resolved as right or wrong by science or reasoning. At long last, the most significant perspective that ought to be viewed as when settling on such a choice is the pregnant female. The effect of language on society is significantly more predominant than one may accept. Umberto Eco accepted that we learn through our insight into dialects, and that deciphering between one language and another isn't just about contrasting them both, yet deciphering them in the manners in which they were composed, in view of culture. The way of thinking of language takes a gander at what the idea of significance is. John Searle clarifies that language is significant in the comprehension of human life, and to investigate human qualities mind

How to Write a Good Introduction For Research Paper

How to Write a Good Introduction For Research PaperIf you are struggling with how to write a good introduction for a research paper, then this article should help. Research papers require good introductions to get people to read them and get to the meat of the paper, which is the findings themselves.I think the best thing that a research paper can use is a compelling intro. In fact I recommend using at least three. One, which gives people a general idea of what the paper is about and the other two giving more detailed information. It is this last one, which will keep people reading and keep them on the paper, and hopefully interested in what the writer has to say.One of the main things that people look for when they go to read a research paper is: does it write about what I want it to? I've found that most research papers don't focus on this one thing but instead just mention some things, and just do not tell you what the paper is actually about.How to write a good introduction for a research paper is not difficult if you understand the problem that the researcher is trying to solve, and how the rest of the paper is going to go. It is very important that you understand these points and they are discussed further in this article.The first point to think about is how the researcher will be looking at the subject in question and its study area. You'll find that the more basic a study is, the more likely the researcher will find their problems in this area, and the researcher is going to talk about those issues, and what they intend to do to solve them.The second thing to think about is the area of the study. As the researcher goes on to the actual content of the paper, they'll need to talk about what the area of study is about, and why they chose to write this part of the paper.The third thing is the focus of the paper. The last thing the researcher should talk about in the paper is why they chose to write this part of the paper, and what motivated them to do so. This information should be the main thing that keeps readers reading and more interested in the rest of the paper.Writing good introduction is not rocket science, but if you can do all of these three things you'll find that you are in a good position to write a good introduction for a research paper. So as long as you know what your focus is, and know how to write a good introduction for a research paper you should be fine.

Joseph Andrews Characters Free Essays

Joseph Andrews An attractive and highminded youthful footman whom Lady Booby endeavors to degenerate. He is a protege of Mr. Adams and the dedicated however modest admirer of Fanny Goodwill. We will compose a custom paper test on Joseph Andrews Characters or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now His experiences in venturing from the Booby family in London back to the open country, where he intends to wed Fanny, give the fundamental plot of the novel. Mr. Abraham Adams A kindhearted, preoccupied, impecunious, and to some degree vain minister in Lady Booby’s nation ward. He sees and develops Joseph’s knowledge and good sincerity from at an early stage, and he underpins Joseph’s assurance to wed Fanny. His excursion back to the wide open matches with Joseph’s for a great part of the way, and the dynamic quality of his basic amiable attitude makes him an adversary of Joseph for the title of hero. Fanny Goodwill The excellent however saved dearest of Joseph, a milkmaid, accepted to be a vagrant. She perseveres through numerous ineffective rapes. Sir Thomas Booby The as of late perished ace of Joseph and benefactor of Mr. Adams. Other characters’ memories depict him as not too bad yet not nobly temperate; he once guaranteed Mr. Adams an administrative living as an end-result of Adams’s help in choosing Sir Thomas for parliament, yet he at that point permitted his significant other to work him out of it. Woman Booby Sir Thomas’s widow, whose lamenting procedure includes playing a game of cards and propositioning hirelings. She is intensely pulled in to Joseph, her footman, however discovers this fascination debasing and is embarrassed by his dismissals. She epitomizes the conventional imperfections of the privileged, to be specific highbrow character, conceit, and absence of restriction, and she is inclined to extraordinary emotional episodes. Mrs. Slipslop A terrible and explicitly ravenous upper hireling in the Booby family. Like her escort, she longs for Joseph. Subside Pounce Lady Booby’s parsimonious steward, who loans cash to different hirelings at steep premium and gives himself pretense as an individual from the upwardly endeavoring new entrepreneur class. Mr. Booby The nephew of Sir Thomas. Handling has adjusted this character from the â€Å"Mr. B. † of Samuel Richardson’s Pamela; like Richardson’s character, Mr. Booby is a somewhat self important assistant who weds his worker young lady, Pamela Andrews. Pamela Andrews Joseph’s temperate and lovely sister, from whom he infers motivation for his protection from Lady Booby’s lewd gestures. Pamela, as well, is a worker in the family unit of a ruthless Booby, however she in the long run weds her lustful ace. Handling has adjusted this character from the champion of Samuel Richardson’s Pamela. Mr. Andrews The dad of Pamela and, apparently, Joseph. Mrs. Andrews The mother of Pamela and, apparently, Joseph. Two Ruffians Highwaymen who beat, burglarize, and strip Joseph on the main night of his excursion. Postilion Loans Joseph his greatcoat when Joseph is bare after the assault by the Ruffians. Mr. Tow-wouse The ace of the motel where Joseph sheets in the wake of being assaulted by the Ruffians. He means to loan Joseph one of his own shirts, yet his parsimonious spouse forestalls him. Later he is found in bed with Betty the maidservant. Mrs. Tow-wouse The parsimonious, pestering spouse of Mr. Tow-wouse. Betty A maidservant in the hotel of Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Tow-wouse. Her underlying consideration of Joseph bespeaks her essential benevolence, yet she is additionally indecent, and her relationship with him closes severely. Mr. Barnabas A pastor who never leaves behind a beverage and irresolutely goes to Joseph during his recuperation from the assault by the Ruffians. Specialist Belatedly addresses the wounds Joseph supported during his assault by the Ruffians. Book retailer A companion of Mr. Barnabas, decays to speak to Mr. Adams, writer of a few volumes of lessons, in the London book exchange. Tom Suckbribe The Constable who neglects to monitor a detained Ruffian and may have some budgetary motivating force for bombing in this office. Leonora The antisocial occupant of a fabulous house along the stage-mentor highway, a shallow lady who once abandoned the dedicated Horatio for the negligible Bellarmine and afterward was abandoned thus. Horatio An innovative legal advisor who proposed to wed Leonora however lost her to the well off and ostentatious Bellarmine. Bellarmine A Frenchified unceremonious who esteems Leonora’s excellence enough to take her away from Horatio yet who at long last rejects her when her dad will not flexibly a settlement. Leonora’s Father A closefisted old man of his word who won't present any cash on his little girl during his life and accordingly makes her lose Bellarmine as an admirer. Leonora’s Aunt Leonora’s chaperone during the time of her romance by Horatio and afterward Bellarmine; urges Leonora to seek after her money related personal circumstance in picking a mate. Mrs. Grave-show A pretentious stage-mentor traveler who items to going with the footman Joseph yet ends up being the little girl of a man who was before a lower worker. Athlete Encounters Mr. Adams while out shooting one night; extolls boldness while chatting with Adams however escapes the scene when the calls of a troubled lady are heard. The Justice A neighborhood justice who doesn't pay attention to his obligations very. He handles the instance of Mr. Adams and Fanny when Fanny’s assailant blames them for having beaten and burglarized him. Mr. Wilson An honorable man who, after a fierce youth, has resigned to the nation with his better half and kids and carries on with an existence of uprightness and effortlessness. His oldest child, who ends up having been Joseph, was taken by vagabonds as a youngster. Mrs. Wilson The spouse of Wilson. She once reclaimed him from debtor’s jail, having been the object of his undeclared love for quite a while. Pedlar An obvious instrument of fortune who pays one of Mr. Adams’s numerous motel charges, salvages Mr. Adams’s suffocating child, and makes sense of the particular parentages of both Joseph and Fanny. Mrs. Adams The spouse of Mr. Adams and mother of his six youngsters, inclined to pestering yet in addition keen to her husband’s cherishing nature. Parson Trulliber An enterprising and insatiable priest, more devoted to hoard cultivating than to the consideration of spirits, who will not loan Mr. Adams cash for his hotel bill. Mrs. Trulliber The discouraged spouse of Parson Trulliber. Tracker of Men An offbeat and rather vicious nation man of his word who sets his chasing hounds on Mr. Adams, permits his companions to pull barbarous pranks on him, and endeavors to steal Fanny. Skipper One of the Squire’s companions, kidnaps Fanny on the Squire’s arranges yet is himself taken prisoner by hirelings of Lady Booby. Player One of the Squire’s companions, a bombed entertainer who seeks after Fanny on the Squire’s arranges however escapes when the Captain is taken prisoner. Artist One of the Squire’s companions, a bombed dramatist who seeks after Fanny on the Squire’s arranges yet escapes when the Captain is taken prisoner. Quack-Doctor One of the Squire’s companions; thinks of a Socratic pragmatic joke that abuses Mr. Adams’s exactness. Cleric Discourses on the vanity of wealth before asking Mr. Adams for cash to cover his motel tab. Attorney Scout Tells Mr. Adams that Joseph has worked long enough to increase a settlement in Lady Booby’s area, however then turns into a willing assistant in Lady Booby’s endeavor to remove Joseph and Fanny. Equity Frolick The nearby judge who helps out Lady Booby’s endeavor to oust Joseph and Fanny from her ward. Playmate Didapper A visitor of Lady Booby’s, longs for Fanny and makes a few fruitless endeavors on her. Pimp A hireling of Beau Didapper’s, endeavors to convince Fanny to acknowledge his master’s advances and afterward makes a couple of endeavors for his own benefit. Dick Adams A child of Mr. also, Mrs. Adams, about suffocates in a stream yet is protected by the Pedlar. He at that point peruses the tale of Leonard and Paul to his parents’ visitors. Leonard A wedded man who contends much of the time with his significant other while engaging his companion Paul in their home. Like his significant other, he in the long run acknowledges Paul’s guidance consistently to yield in questions, even and particularly when he realizes that himself will generally be correct. Leonard’s Wife The spouse of Leonard, with whom she contends much of the time while they are engaging his companion Paul in their home. Like her better half, she in the long run acknowledges Paul’s exhortation consistently to yield in questions, even and particularly when she realizes that herself generally will be correct. Paul Leonard’s companion, independently prompts both Leonard and Leonard’s spouse to stick to the â€Å"Doctrine of Submission. † The most effective method to refer to Joseph Andrews Characters, Essay models

Favourability Of Factors Of Fraenkische Production In India - Free Essay Example

1.1 Pipe Industry Pipelines have been used since many decades. They were constructed in different parts of the world to convey water for drinking and irrigation. Perhaps the first use was by ancient agriculturalists. They used pipe like structures to divert water from streams and rivers into their fields. There is some evidence suggesting that the Chinese used reed pipe for transporting water, around 2000 B.C. Pipes made of clay that were used by other ancient civilizations have been discovered. In tropical countries, bamboo pipes were used to transport fluid that mainly consisted of water. The first lead pipes were constructed during the beginning of the A.D century in Europe. Colonial Americans used wood for a similar purpose. In 1652, the manufacturing of the first water transportation pipes was made in Boston using hollow logs. 1.2 History of Pipe Production Welded steel pipe can be traced back to the early 1800s during the dawn of the modern day. In 1815, William Murdock invented a coal burning lamp system. To fit the entire city of London with these lights, Murdock joined together the barrels from discarded muskets. He used this continuous pipeline to transport the coal gas. When his lighting system proved successful a greater demand was created for long metal tubes. To produce enough tubes to meet this demand, a variety of inventors set to work on developing new pipe making processes. An early notable method for producing metal tubes quickly and inexpensively was patented by James Russell in 1824. In his method, tubes were created by joining together opposite edges of a flat iron strip. The metal was first heated until it was malleable. Using a drop hammer, the edges folded together and welded. The pipe was finished by passing it through a groove and rolling mill. Russells method was not used long because in the next year, Comelius Whitehouse developed a better method for making metal tubes. This process, called the butt-weld process is the basis for our current pipe-making procedures. In his method, thin sheets of iron were heated and drawn through a cone-shaped opening. As the metal went through the opening, its edges curled up and created a pipe shape. The two ends were welded together to finish the pipe. The first manufacturing plant to use this process in the United States was opened in 1832 in Philadelphia. Gradually, improvements were made in the Whitehouse method. One of the most important innovations was introduced by John Moon in 1911. He suggested the continuous process method in which a manufacturing plant could produce pipe in an unending stream. He built machinery for this specific purpose and many pipe manufacturing facilities adopted it. While the welded tube processes were being developed, a need for seamless metal pipes arouse. Seamless pipes are those which do not have a welded seam. They were first made by drilling a hole through the center of a solid cylinder. This method was developed during the late 1800s. These types of pipes were perfect for bicycle frames because they have thin walls, are lightweight but are strong. In 1895, the first plant to produce seamless tubes was built. As bicycle manufacturing gave way to auto manufacturing, seamless tubes were still needed for gasoline and oil lines. This demand was made even greater as larger oil deposits were found. Various methods for manufacturing were developed as the ordinary steel pipes went on to be more improved in quality and quantity. A major milestone was the dawn into the century of steel pipe, which greatly increased the strength of pipes of all sizes. The development of high-strength steel pipes made it possible to transport natural gas and oil over long distances. The application of welding to join pipes in the 1920s made it possible to construct leak proof, high-pressure, large-diameter pipelines. Today, most high-pressure piping consists of steel pipe with welded joints. Major innovations since 1950 include introduction of ductile iron and large-diameter concrete pressure pipes for water; use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe for sewers. 1.3 Types of Pipes Pipes have 3 main classification based on material used Steel Pipes Cement pipes PVC pipes Steel Pipes Steel pipes are long, hollow tubes that are used for various application. They are produced by two distinct methods which result in either a welded or seamless pipe. The raw steel is first converted to a more workable form. The pipe is formed by stretching the steel out into a seamless tube or forcing the edges together and sealing the joint by welding. Steel pipe production processes were started in the early 18th century, and they have steadily evolved into the modern processes we use today. Steel pipes are produced in the millions and used either in the domestic market or exported. Steel pipes are found in a variety of places. Since they are strong, they are used underground for transporting water and gas throughout cities and towns. They are also employed in construction to protect electrical wires. While steel pipes are strong, they can also be lightweight. How is it Made? Steel pipes are made by two different processes. The overall production method for both processes involves five steps. They are Ingot production Producing blooms and slabs Further processing Pipe making Final processing USES Automobiles refrigeration units heating and plumbing systems street lamps support structures for billboards, signs boards, fence posts transportation of fluids like oil and gas etc Asbestos Pipes Asbestos cement pipes are made of a mixture of asbestos paste and cement compressed by steel rollers to form a laminated material of great strength and density. The asbestos fibres act as a reinforcing material to form an intrinsic part of the cement matrix. How is it Made? A/C pipe is manufactured by the Hatchek/ Mazza process from intimately mixed aqueous slurry of portland cement (80-85%) and a mixture of relatively long and medium grade chrysotile asbestos fibres (15-20%). The slurry is made more and more viscous by dewatering the mixture by a machine using a rotary sieve cylinder and a continuous felt to produce a very thin layer of asbestos cement which is wrapped around a mandrel (on which it will be forged on) under pressure until a pipe with the desired wall thickness is produced. The mandrel is then extracted and the pipe is cured by passing through a tunnel-like low temperature oven followed by immersion in or spraying with water, or by autoclaving. On completion of curing, once the pipe is strengthened the ends of the pipe lengths are cut and finished to receive couplings that are produced by cutting larg outer diameter pipe into sections. USES Drinking water supplies To aid the treatment of gastrointestinal and kidney cancer Drainage Process pipes PVC Pipes PVC pipes are made out of a material known as polyvinyl chloride, a durable, strong plastic-like substance. The variation of uses is all the way from plumbing to construction. The pipe is designed to be have a standard. All pipes are designed around specific requirements with better standardization so as to ensure that multiple pipe sections will fit together. The ends of the pipe can either be smooth or grooved (like a screw). Additionally, there are several different pipe sizes ranging from very small (one-fourth inch) to very large (10 feet). How is it Made? PVC pipes are created by starting with a molten mixture of the material and shaping them around a cast. The casts are made to be the exact width of the pipe so as to create a base of foundry. The mixture is poured into this cast and surrounded by an outer shell which will act as a light forge. The complete set is then placed into an oven to be baked. Once the pipe has solidified, it is cooled and moved into finishing where it is checked for quality. Sections of the pipe are then cut based on common sizes and needs. The sections are then coated in a chlorine solution to prevent harmful bacteria from growing and destroying the piped causing leaks in them, during shipping and use. Once the coating is dried, the ends of each section are finished. If the pipe is a smooth connection, the top of the pipe is sanded down to ensure a perfectly flat surface. For fitted pipes, a machine engraves a series of grooves into the pipe. As the grooves are cut, high-pressured water is sprayed on the pip e to remove excess PVC fragments. After the grooves are added, the ends are smooth and the sections are sent into testing. Uses Water Pipe Drain, Waste Vent Pipe Process Pipe Sewer Pipe Drain Pipe Folded PVC pipe 1.4 Pipe Products made by Fraenkische 1.4.1 Drainage Systems Applications a) Building Ventilation/ Building Drainage b) Storm Water Management/ Storm Water Treatment c) Road Drainage d) Underground Cable Protection e) Sewer Pipe Systems f) Agricultural Drainage 1.4.2 Electrical Systems 1.4.2.1 Buildings a) Installation in concrete b) Concealed Installation c) Exposed Installation d) Halogen-free products e) Installations in cavity walls f) Outdoor installation g) Corrugated plastic conduits h) Straight length plastic conduits i) Metal conduits j) Corrugated metal conduits 1.4.2.2 Underground a) Cable ducts b) Cable protectors c) Pole foundation conduits 1.4.2.3 Machines a) Metal hoses b) Corrugated plastic hoses c) Spiral plastic hoses 1.4.2.4 Accessories a) Corrugated plastic conduit accessories b) Straight length plastic conduit accessories c) Steel conduit accessories d) Aluminium conduit accessories e) Stainless steel conduit accessories f) Machine accessories 1.4.3 Building products a) alpex plus b) alpex systems c) ff-therm/alpex-therm XS radiant heating and cooling products 1.4.4 Industrial Pipes 1.4.4.1 Automotive Cable Protection Cable Protection In general Cable Protection Corrugated Tubing Cable Protection Accessories Fluid 1.4.4.2 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION Cable Protection Corrugated tubing Standard profile Accessories Standard profile Corrugated tubing / Accessories Closable Co-flex Corrugated tubing- With special convolute design Air transport Household appliances Sanitary technology Pool technology Medical technology Geothermal and solar energy Specialty applications 1.5 Why India Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rise in recent years is the most recognized development in the world economy. India has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. With an increase in investment and robust macroeconomic fundamentals, the future outlook for India is definitely optimistic. The importance of infrastructure for sustained economic development is well known. India could reach its full potentials, if it improves the infrastructure facilities, which are at present not adequate to meet the escalating demand of the economy. Pipelines are very important for the development of a countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure. Pipelines are used in transportation of oil, gas and water and it is cheaper and faster as compared to conventional modes of transport like rail and road. With the increasing oil prices, cheaper transportation will add to the feasibility of use of oil and gas. The Indian Pipe Industry is among the top three manufacturing centres after Japan and Europe. With the rapidly increasing economic growth, providing adequate infrastructure facilities to a heavily populated country like India becomes extremely important. Failure to meet the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure demand will retard Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth process. However, the penetration level of pipelines in oil and gas transportation is very low compared globally. The pipeline network of India for oil and gas transport stood at 13,517 kms in April 2006. Sanitation levels are also lower at 33% in India compared to 100% in France. Of 140 mn hectares of cultivable land, only 40% of the land is irrigated. The low penetration levels represent the huge opportunity for the growth of the pipe industry in India making it favourable for Fraenkische. When Exploration Production projects for oil and gas companies which were previously slowed down because of the global financial crisis resume their operations then there will be tremendous increase in the demand for new pipelines. This new surge in demand will be promising for the future growth of Indian pipe industry. The upward trend in the Indian pipe industry is expected to persist in the next 3-5 years on the basis of high oil and gas discoveries worldwide and also the increased efforts by Government of India on infrastructure development for laying pipelines for oil and gas transport, water and sewage transport and irrigation facilities. 1.6 Purpose of the Study: A comparative analysis of pipelines production in India vis-a-vis another nation (like China or a European nation) With the final result of a rating of India as a production location (a) In general and (b) In particular for plastic pipes 1.7 Research Questions (Targets): What are hurdles for setting up a production in India versus the other country (which probably China would be a good comparative)? Is it difficult to set up a plant (i.e. get money into India, get permissions for production, ease of employing people and difficulty to potentially firing them)?   Are there local producers in India, or would one have to import; if we have to import then are there high tariffs on the goods (Ease of access to PE / PP raw materials)? Are there points which are especially in favour or to the detriment of plastic production (load share and no continuous electricity supply)? Are there relative cost advantages (with respect to labour or is the gap narrowing vis a vis China)? Are many plastic pipe companies producing in India à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" why / why not? CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Starting operations in India A foreign company willing to launch business operations in India has the following two options AS AN INDIAN COMPANY AS A FOREIGN COMPANY A foreign company can start operations in India by incorporating a company under the Companies Act of 1956 through i) Joint Ventures ii) Wholly Owned Subsidiaries i) Liaison Office/Representative Office ii) Project Office iii) Branch Office After a company has been duly registered and incorporated as an Indian company, it is subject to as any other domestic Indian companies to Indian laws and regulations. Such offices can undertake any permitted activities. Companies have to register themselves with Registrar of Companies (ROC) within 30 days of setting up a place of business in India. 2.1.1 As an Indian Company 2.1.1.1 Joint Venture Company Foreign Companies can set up their operations in India by forging strategic alliances with Indian partners. A joint venture is also the preferred route for foreign investors who wish to invest in any sector where 100% foreign direct investment is not permitted. 2.1.1.2 Wholly Owned Subsidiary Company Foreign companies can set up wholly-owned subsidiary in the form of a private limited with foreign equity in such Indian companies up to 100%, subject to equity caps in respect of the area of activities under the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy. 2.1.2 As a Foreign Company 2.1.2.1 Liaison Office/Representative Office Liaison office acts as a channel of communication between the principal place of business or head office and entities in India. Liaison office can not undertake any commercial activity directly or indirectly and can not, therefore, earn any income in India. Its role is limited to collecting information about possible market opportunities and providing information about the company and its products to prospective Indian customers. It can promote export/import from/to India and also facilitate technical/financial collaboration between parent company and companies in India. Approval for establishing a liaison office in India is granted by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). 2.1.2.2 Project Office Foreign Companies planning to execute specific projects in India can set up temporary project/site offices in India. RBI has now granted general permission to foreign entities to establish Project Offices subject to specified conditions. Such offices can not undertake or carry on any activity other than the activity relating and incidental to execution of the project. Project Offices may remit outside India the surplus of the project on its completion, general permission for which has been granted by the RBI. 2.1.2.3 Branch Office Foreign companies engaged in manufacturing and trading activities abroad are allowed to set up Branch Offices in India for the following purposes: i) Export/Import of goods ii) Rendering professional or consultancy services iii) Carrying out research work, in which the parent company is engaged. iv) Promoting technical or financial collaborations between Indian companies and parent or overseas group company. v) Representing the parent company in India and acting as buying/selling agents in India. vi) Rendering technical support to the products supplied by the parent/ group companies. vii) Foreign airline/shipping company. A branch office is not allowed to carry out manufacturing activities on its own but is permitted to subcontract these to an Indian manufacturer. Branch Offices established with the approval of RBI, may remit outside India profit of the branch, net of applicable Indian taxes and subject to RBI guidelines Permission for setting up branch offices is granted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Branch Office on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stand Alone Basisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Such Branch Offices would be isolated and restricted to the Special Economic zone (SEZ) alone and no business activity/transaction will be allowed outside the SEZs in India, which include branches/subsidiaries of its parent office in India. No approval shall be necessary from RBI for a company to establish a branch/unit in SEZs to undertake manufacturing and service activities subject to specified conditions. Source: Ministry of Commerce, Govt of India 2.2 Company Formation START  ¯ Obtaining approval for the proposed name of the Company from the ROC  ¯ Drawing up the Memorandum of Association  ¯ Drawing up the Articles of Association  ¯ Getting the appropriate persons to subscribe to the Memorandum (a minimum of 7 for a public company and 2 for a private company  ¯ Payment of Registration Fee to the ROC  ¯ Receipt of Certificate of Incorporation  ¯ Obtain a certificate of commencement of business from the ROC in case of a public company  ¯ END Source: Ministry of Commerce, Govt of India 2.3 Industrial Growth in India After Independence After Independence in 1947, rapid industrialization of the economy was the need of the hour, which was the key to economic development as well as to economic independence. In the following years, Indias Industrial Policy evolved through successive Industrial Policy Resolutions and Industrial Policy Statements. The Indian government has removed bureaucratic controls on industry, under its liberalization policy. Industrial Policy Measures Since 1991 Since 1991, industrial policy measures and procedure have been simplified on a regular basis. Presently, only six industries require compulsory licensing and only three industries are reserved for the public sector. Few important policy measures initiated since 1991 are listed below: Since 1991, promotion of foreign direct investment has been an integral part of Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic policy. The Government has ensured a liberal and transparent foreign investment regime where most activities are opened to foreign investment on automatic route without any limit on the extent of foreign ownership. FDI up to 100 per cent has also been allowed under automatic route for most manufacturing activities in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). More recently, in 2004, the FDI limits were raised in the petroleum product pipelines (up to 100 per cent), natural gas and LNG pipelines (up to 100 per cent). In an effort to mitigate regional imbalances, the Government announced a new North-East Industrial Policy in December 1997 for promoting industrialization in the North-Eastern region. This policy is applicable for the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. The Policy has provided various concessions to industrial units in the North Eastern Region, e.g., development of industrial infrastructure, subsidies under various schemes, excise and income-tax exemption for a period of 10 years, etc. North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd. has been designated as the nodal disbursing agency under the Scheme. Till the onset of reform process in 1991, industrial licensing played a crucial role in channeling investments, controlling entry and expansion of capacity in the Indian industrial sector. As such industrialization occurred in a protected environment, which led to various distortions. Tariffs and quantitative controls largely kept foreign competition out of the domestic market, and most Indian manufacturers looked on exports only as a residual possibility. Little attention was paid to ensure product quality, undertaking RD for technological development and achieving economies of scale. The industrial policy announced in 1991, however, substantially dispensed with industrial licensing and facilitated foreign investment and technology transfers, and threw open the areas hitherto reserved for the public sector. The policy focus in the recent years has been on deregulating the Indian industry, enabling industrial restructuring, allowing the industry freedom and flexibility in responding to market forces and providing a business environment that facilitates and fosters overall industrial growth. By provding exemption from licensing for all start ups and for those with an investment worth of Rs2.5 crores in fixed assets and a right to import up to 30% of the total value of plant and machinery and allowing foreign equity investment was allowed up to 40%. The future growth of the Indian industry as widely believed, is crucially dependent upon improving the overall productivity of the manufacturing sector, rationalisation of the duty structure, technological upgradation, the search for export markets through promotional efforts and trade agreements and creating an enabling legal environment. DOING BUSINESS ANALYSIS-WORLD BANK Starting a Business in India India is ranked 169 overall for Starting a Business. Ranking of India in Starting a Business Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Starting a Business data for India compared to China: Procedures (number) Time (days) Cost (% of income per capita) Min. capital (% of income per capita) INDIA 13 30 66.1 210.9 CHINA 14 37 4.9 130.9 ANALYSIS: Even though India lags behind China in the ease of starting a business but it is almost neck-to-neck in terms of procedures and time taken. Construction Permits in India India is ranked 175 overall for Dealing with Construction Permits. Ranking of India in Dealing with Construction Permits Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Dealing with Construction Permits data for India compared to China Procedures (number) Time (days) Cost (% of income per capita) INDIA 37 195 2394.9 CHINA 37 336 579.2 ANALYSIS: India is better than China in terms of dealing with construction permits, however the cost is far more than China. Employing Workers in India : India is ranked 104 overall for Employing Workers. Ranking of India in Employing Workers Compared to good practice and selected economies The following table shows Employing Workers data for India compared to China: Rigidity of employment index (0-100 Redundancy costs (weeks of salary) INDIA 30 56 CHINA 31 91 ANALYSIS: In terms of employing workers (hiring and firing) India is little bit more flexible than China whereas in terms of employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wages and working hours India is far more flexible than China. Registering Property in India India is ranked 93 overall for Registering Property. Ranking of India in Registering Property Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Registering Property data for India compared to China: Procedures (number) Time (days) Cost (% of property value) INDIA 5 44 7.4 CHINA 4 29 3.1 ANALYSIS: Registering Property in India is much more time taking and costlier than China. Getting Credit in India India is ranked 30 overall for Getting Credit. Ranking of India in Getting Credit Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Getting Credit data for India compared to China: Strength of legal rights index (0-10) Depth of credit information index (0-6) Public registry coverage (% of adults) Private bureau coverage (% of adults) INDIA 8 4 0.0 10.2 CHINA 6 4 62.1 0.0 ANALYSIS: In terms of getting credit India is lot better than China. Protecting Investors in India India is ranked 41 overall for Protecting Investors. Ranking of India in Protecting Investors Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Protecting Investors data for India compared to China: Strength of investor protection index (0-10) INDIA 6.0 CHINA 5.0 ANALYSIS: India is far better place for investors than China. Paying Taxes India is ranked 169 overall for Paying Taxes. Ranking of India in Paying Taxes Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Paying Taxes data for India compared to good practice and comparator economies: Payments (number per year) Time (hours per year) Total tax rate (% profit) INDIA 59 271 64.7 CHINA 7 504 78.5 ANALYSIS: Even though Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rank is far higher than China in terms of paying taxes but its less time taking and even total tax rate is less than China. Trading Across Borders India is ranked 94 overall for Trading Across Borders. Ranking of India in Trading Across Borders Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Trading Across Borders data for India compared to China: Documents to export (number) Time to export (days) Cost to export (US$ per container) Documents to import (number) Time to import (days) Cost to import (US$ per container) INDIA 8 17 945 9 20 960 CHINA 7 21 500 5 24 545 ANALYSIS: In terms of trading across borders India is far behind China in ranking however time to export is lesser than China. Enforcing Contracts India is ranked 182 overall for Enforcing Contracts. Ranking of India in Enforcing Contracts Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Enforcing Contracts data for India compared China: Procedures (number) Time (days) Cost (% of claim) INDIA 46 1420 39.6 CHINA 34 406 11.1 ANALYSIS: In terms of enforcing contracts India is far behind China. Closing Business India is ranked 138 overall for Closing a Business. Ranking of India in Closing Business Compared to good practice and selected economies: The following table shows Closing Business data for India compared to China: Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) Time (years) Cost (% of estate) INDIA 15.1 7.0 9 CHINA 35.3 1.7 22 ANALYSIS: Even though India lags far behind China in terms of closing business but the cost involved in doing so is far less than China.

Pest Analysis Example - 999 Words

PEST Analysis Example If you re a student of marketing and business studies then you must have come across the term PEST Analysis . Here are a couple of PEST Analysis examples to clarify the concept further. You cannot imagine the amount of hard work and research that is involved whenever a new product or commercial utility is launched. For that matter, any change in the business management and development strategy calls for minute scrutiny of the environment which would form the background for such change. It is with respect to this detailed dissection of the environment and the proper understanding of the verdict that is assimilated from such dissection that any decision pertaining to expansion, entry, exit or any other†¦show more content†¦Economic policies of government regarding the restaurant industry and running eating joints; these may include licenses, inspections by Health and Food Ministry departments, etc. Economic Factors: Interest rate would impact the cost of capital, the rate of interest being directly proportionate to the cost of capital. Rate of inflation determines the rate of remuneration of employees and directly affects the price of the restaurant s products. Again, the proportion between the inflation rate and wages/prices is direct. Economic trends act as an indicator of the sustenance and profitability of your business in the chosen region and help you in deciding your marketing strategy. Social Factors: Certain cultures abhor certain foods. For instance, Hindus will not eat beef and Muslims would not even touch pork. Therefore knowledge of these cultural facts about your business environment will help you decide whether or not you ll be able to do any business there. Eating habits of the people in your chosen business environment may, and certainly will, affect your marketing decisions. Ratio of people preferring to eat out regularly. Technological Factors: A good technicalShow MoreRelatedPEST Analysis Essay examples524 Words   |  3 PagesPEST Analysis The PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool. PEST is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, which are used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. 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Augustine s View Of Slavery Essay - 2309 Words

Augustine’s overall view of slavery in Book 19, of chapter 14, is controversial, because mankind was originally meant only to rule over non-rational creature. For the focused problem that arises from Augustine view is his concluding statement in chapter 14. â€Å"The apostle therefore admonishes servants to be obedient to their master’s, and to serve them loyally and with good will [†¦] they can at least make their own slavery to some extent free† [944]. The entailing notion that as long as the individual is in good health, and has time to freely practice their faith towards God, then so be their mortal position as a slave. Given they will possess eternal peace, and freedom in the city of God. Nevertheless, this notion remains problematic, given there may be a moral limits the servant is willing to follow, especially if the actions or will of their conquering master conflicts with the agent’s own religious/moral views. Additionally, the issue with Aug ustine’s general view of slavery, in how the Aristotelian definition heavily influences his vision of what slavery is, and the problem that comes with it. Moreover, the problem of the slave enabling, aiding or allowing their master to perform their sinister acts, and whether the Christian slave ought to rebel against them. lastly, the dilemma of family obligations which conflicts with servitude. Therefore, this essay will argue against Augustine’s conclusion of slavery, in regards to the disposition of the slave, and the dilemmas thatShow MoreRelatedAugustine s View On Slavery Essay2229 Words   |  9 PagesAugustine’s overall view on slavery is controversial, given mankind was meant to rule over non-rational creature, when problematically prideful men enslaved individuals from conquests of war, or those that are weak. 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A Guide to Rational Living free essay sample

This paper details the many ways in which a person can learn how to adapt rationally, emotionally, and to use behavioral tools for personal situations in this discussion of Albert Ellis book, A Guide to Rational Living. The author gives a detailed discussion of the different ways to deal with personal situations based on Albert Ellis A Guide to Rational Living that may cause some individuals to face inner-conflict. Some of the topics discussed include focusing on enjoyment as a tool for success and learning to identify patterns and potential problems. The author finds that the book not only shows you how to identify problem or potential problems, but it also offers constructive ways to overcome an individuals perceived problems. By adopting healthy ways of thinking, believing, and perceiving events, people can maintain a sense of well-being and joy while avoiding depression, anxiety, extreme anger or frustration, and physical illness. We will write a custom essay sample on A Guide to Rational Living or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Avoiding self-defeating thoughts and belief constructs and adopting a type of thinking that is sometimes consistent with reality and sometimes twisted in a positive direction. Those individuals who find that they are reacting in unhealthy ways might want to examine their own cognitive constructs for evidence of dysfunctional or self-defeating thinking.